| 1st soil horizon- fresh to partly decomposed organic matter |
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| 2nd soil horizon- highly decomposed organic matter in mineral matrix |
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| 3rd soil horizon- coarse minerals (iron, carbonates, aluminum, clay materials moved to lower horizons) (sometimes considered part of above horizon) |
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| 4th soil horizon- fine organic material & clay minerals from A horizon on top layer, clay & iron oxide accumulation below |
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| 5th soil horizon- partially weathered parent material (from heavily weathered at top to unweathered at base) |
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| What is underneath all soil horizons |
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| Types of Soil Transformations |
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| Types of Mechanical Weathering |
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| Type of weathering where fast heating & cooling makes rocks expand & contract fast & break down |
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| In what type of climates is above type of weathering common? |
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| What type of mechanical weathering is most powerful? |
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| Types of Chemical Weathering |
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| How many times faster do reaction rates go if average soil temperature rises by 10°C? |
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| Types of Weathering Caused by More Rain |
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| Chemical dissolving of minerals under certain pH in water that goes to lower soil horizon where they precipitate out |
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| Which is quicker, soil formation or erosion? (answer with one word) |
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| Soil Properties (Good for Growing Things) Affected by Adding Organic Material |
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| Process where certain prokaryotes convert N2 to minerals usable by plants |
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| Types of Soil Particles, Largest to Smallest |
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| Mix of sand, silt, and clay, mixes sand & silt's drainage with clay's ability to hold water & nutrients, good farming soil |
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| Human Soil-Harming Activities |
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| Types of Soil Degradation |
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| Wind Reduction Techniques |
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| Line of trees/shrubs to protect fields, help crops, conserve water & soil |
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| Line of trees to reduce wind erosion & runoff from snowmelt |
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| Technique where alternating strips of different crops planted along the natural contours of the land |
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| Sustainable Cultivation Techniques |
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| Land that doesn't consistently produce crop (drought, shallow soils, etc.) |
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Planets from the Sun
Multiplication Table
Minute Math (Addition)
