| Event | Before/After | Extra |
| Henry IV of France issues the Edict of Nantes, greatly increasing civil rights for Huguenots | |
| Elizabeth I of England grants a Royal Charter to the British East India Company | |
| The Tokugawa shogunate is established in Japan, beginning the Edo period which lasts until 1868 | |
| René Descartes is born in the Loire Valley of central France | |
| Catholic conspirators, including Guy Fawkes, fail in their bid to blow up the House of Lords, and with it, King James I | |
| Miguel de Cervantes publishes his magnum opus 'Don Quixote,' the first modern novel | |
| Sir Francis Drake dies of dysentery and is buried in a lead coffin off Panama | |
| Galileo Galilei discovers Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto in orbit around Jupiter | |
| Jacopo Peri pens 'Dafne,' considered to be the first opera | |
| Construction begins on the Taj Mahal by Shah Jahan as a mausoleum for his third wife | |
| Henry IV of France issues the Edict of Nantes, greatly increasing civil rights for Huguenots | |
| Elizabeth I of England grants a Royal Charter to the British East India Company | |
| The Tokugawa shogunate is established in Japan, beginning the Edo period which lasts until 1868 | |
| René Descartes is born in the Loire Valley of central France | |
| Catholic conspirators, including Guy Fawkes, fail in their bid to blow up the House of Lords, and with it, James I | |
| Miguel de Cervantes publishes his magnum opus 'Don Quixote,' the first modern novel | |
| Sir Francis Drake dies of dysentery and is buried in a lead coffin off Panama | |
| Galileo Galilei discovers Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto in orbit around Jupiter | |
| Jacopo Peri pens 'Dafne,' considered to be the first opera | |
| Construction begins on the Taj Mahal by Shah Jahan as a mausoleum for his third wife | |